1. A hydrocarbon is a molecular compound that only contains atoms of hydrogen and carbon.
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3. Petroleum is combustible, so it can be used for burning for fuel and its raw state can be created into an array of useful products.
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5. Crude oil means it still contains impurities, and must be refined for use.
6. U.S. Petroleum Use:
a. 3 million
b. 16 million
7. From crude petroleum we get natural gas, kerosene, diesel, petrochemicals, and refined oils.
8. Petroleum products:
a. Clothing, carpeting, CDs, and sports equipment.
b. I don’t know.
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10. World Petroleum use:
a. Eastern Europe
b. Central Asia, Far East, and Oceania
11. World Petroleum Consumption:
a. Everywhere except Central and South America, Africa, and the Middle East.
b. Central and South America, Africa, and the Middle East.
12. If the liquids were insoluble in one another.
13. Acetone and water because they have very different boiling points.
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15. On paper
16. Unlike regular distillation, fractional distillation is a continuous process and produces several distinct mixtures.
17. Light: kerosene, refined oils, and motor gasoline; Intermediate: gas oil, diesel fuel oil, and heavy furnace oil; Heavy: petroleum jelly, lubricating oil and grease, and road asphalt.
18. In a fractional distillation tower the highest temperature would be at the bottom because crude oil is heated up first and when it reaches the tower it cools off as it rises.
19. Filtering or doing a simpler distillation method.
20. Hexane, methane, octane, and pentane. The stronger the intermolecular forces, the higher the boiling point is.
21. A covalent bond is the sharing of two or more valence electrons between two atoms to fill their outer shells.
22. Atoms with filled outer shells do not need to form covalent bonds because they contain all the electrons necessary, making them un-reactive.
23. The two dogs oppose each other, but are attracted because of the sock, which is like the way atoms bond through electrons.
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26. Structural formulas:
a. A structural formula tells us what shape a molecular formula is in.
b. It is inadequate because it does not represent the electrons correctly.
27. On paper
28. Because only the valence electrons are represented.
29. Molecular formulas:
a. C9H20
b. C16H34
c. C10H22
d. C18H38
30. Molar mass:
a. 128 g
b. 226 g
c. 142 g
d. 254 g
31.
a. Propane, C3H8
b. Pentane, C5H12
32. It implies that it is an alkane molecule.
33. Yes they are, because they contain the same atoms but are just formed in different structures.
34. On paper
35. ?
36. They are both correct because more than 3 carboned hydrocarbons can create many different structures.
37.
a. On paper
b. The branched molecule has a lower boiling point because it bonds are as strong.
38.
a. A long chain, because the short chain would have tighter bonds.
b. A long branched chain, because the shorter one will have stronger intermolecular bonds.
c. A short branched chain, because straight chains have stickier bonds.
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